Explain Arithmetic and Assignment Operators with example.

Operators in Java

Operator in Java is a symbol which is used to perform operations. For example: +, -, *, / etc.

There are many types of operators in Java which are given below:

• Unary Operator,
• Arithmetic Operator,
• Shift Operator,
• Relational Operator,
• Bitwise Operator,
• Logical Operator,
• Ternary Operator and
• Assignment Operator.

Java Operator Precedence

Operator Type	Category	Precedence
Unary	postfix	expr++ expr--
	prefix	++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ !
Arithmetic	multiplicative	* / %
	additive	+ -
Shift	shift	<< >> >>>
Relational	comparison	< > <= >= instanceof
	equality	== !=
Bitwise	bitwise AND	&
	bitwise exclusive OR	^
	bitwise inclusive OR	|
Logical	logical AND	&&
	logical OR	||
Ternary	ternary	? :
Assignment	assignment	= += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=

1. Java Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables and data. For example,

a + b;

Here, the + operator is used to add two variables a and b. Similarly, there are various other arithmetic operators in Java.

Operator	Operation
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Modulo Operation (Remainder after division)

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    // declare variables
    int a = 12, b = 5;

    // addition operator
    System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b));

    // subtraction operator
    System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b));

    // multiplication operator
    System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b));

    // division operator
    System.out.println("a / b = " + (a / b));

    // modulo operator
    System.out.println("a % b = " + (a % b));
  }
}

Output

a + b = 17
a - b = 7 
a * b = 60
a / b = 2 
a % b = 2 

In the above example, we have used +, -, and * operators to compute addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations.

/ Division Operator

Note the operation, a/b in our program. The / operator is the division operator.

If we use the division operator with two integers, then the resulting quotient will also be an integer. And, if one of the operands is a floating-point number, we will get the result will also be in floating-point.

In Java,

(9 / 2) is 4
(9.0 / 2) is 4.5
(9 / 2.0) is 4.5
(9.0 / 2.0) is 4.5

% Modulo Operator

The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a=7 is divided by b=4 , the remainder is 3.

2. Java Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used in Java to assign values to variables. For example,

int age;
age = 5;

Here, = is the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right to the variable on its left. That is, 5 is assigned to the variable age.

Let's see some more assignment operators available in Java.

Operator	Example	Equivalent to
=	a=b;	a = b;
+=	a += b;	a = a + b;
-=	a -= b;	a = a - b;
*=	a *= b;	a = a / b;
/=	a /= b;	a = a / b;
%=	a %= b;	a %= b;

Example 2: Assignment Operators

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    // create variables
    int a = 4;
    int var;

    // assign value using =
    var = a;
    System.out.println("var using =: " + var);

    // assign value using =+
    var += a;
    System.out.println("var using +=: " + var);

    // assign value using =*
    var *= a;
    System.out.println("var using *=: " + var);
  }
}

Output

var using =: 4
var using +=: 8 
var using *=: 32